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In the years after World War II the British aircraft industry
was overpopulated with manufacturers who had an increas-
ingly difficult time competing not only with each other but
with larger American manufacturers such as Boeing, Douglas
(later McDonnell Douglas), and Lockheed. British companies
were victimized by small orders from a government that was
divesting itself of most of its empire and thus had greatly re-
duced military needs. Noting that the British aircraft industry
was three times larger than France's, "with no obvious justifi-
cation for being so," the Economist asked the critical question,
"Does Britain need an aircraft industry?" Throughout the
1950s the health of British aviation was a major political issue
and was the subject of many Parliamentary debates. Finally,
in 1960, after intense lobbying from the Minister of Aviation,
Duncan Sandys, Parliament passed a bill that called for a
"rationalization" of the British aircraft industry through the
merger of several existing companies that were facing closure.
Today the BAe consists of the following:
Principal Subsidiaries
Arlington Securities plc; BAeSEMA Ltd. (50%); British
Aerospace Aerostructures Ltd.; British Aerospace Airbus
Ltd.; British Aerospace (Aviation Services) Ltd.; British
Aerospace (Consultancy Services) Ltd.; British Aerospace
Finance Ltd.; British Aerospace Flight Training (UK) Ltd.;
British Aerospace (Insurance) Ltd.; British Aerospace
(International) Ltd; British Aerospace (Operations) Ltd.;
British Aerospace Properties Ltd.; British Aerospace
(Systems & Equipment) Ltd.; Lee Valley Developments Ltd.
(50%); Liverpool Airport plc (76%); Orange plc (5%); Re-
flectone UK Ltd. (48%); Royal Ordnance plc; Spectrum
Technologies Ltd. (20%); British Aerospace Australia
(Holdings) Ltd.; British Aerospace Australia Ltd.; British
Aerospace Flight Training (Australia) Pty. Ltd.; British Aero-
space (France) SAS; Airbus Industrie (France; 20%); Eu-
romissile Dynamics Group (France; 33.3%); Matra BAe Dy-
namics SAS (France; 50%); SEPECAT S.A. (France; 50%);
British Aerospace Deutschland GmbH (Germany); Cityline
Simulator und Training GmbH (Germany; 50%); Compe-
tence Center Informatik GmbH (Germany; 30%); Eu-
rofighter Jagdflugzeug GmbH (Germany; 33%); Heckler and
Koch GmbH (Germany); Panavia Aircraft GmbH (Germany;
42.5%); BAeHal Software Ltd. (India; 40%); Muiden Chemie
International BV (Netherlands); Asia Pacific Training and
Simulation Pte. Ltd. (Singapore; 63%); Singapore British En-
gineering Pte. Ltd. (51%); Saab AB (Sweden; 35%); Saab-
BAe Gripen AB (Sweden; 50%); Asia Pacific Space and Com-
munications Inc. (U.S.A.; 17%); British Aerospace Holdings,
Inc. (U.S.A.); Reflectone Inc. (U.S.A.; 48%).