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In the years after World War II the British aircraft industry
      was overpopulated with manufacturers who had an increas-
      ingly  difficult time competing not  only with  each  other but
      with larger American manufacturers such as Boeing, Douglas
      (later McDonnell Douglas), and Lockheed. British companies
      were victimized by small orders from a government that was
      divesting itself of most of its empire and thus had greatly re-
      duced military needs. Noting that the British aircraft industry
      was three times larger than France's, "with no obvious justifi-
      cation for being so," the Economist asked the critical question,
      "Does  Britain need  an  aircraft  industry?" Throughout the
      1950s the health of British aviation was a major political issue
      and was the subject of many Parliamentary debates. Finally,
      in 1960, after intense lobbying from the Minister of Aviation,
      Duncan Sandys, Parliament  passed  a bill  that called  for a
      "rationalization" of the British aircraft industry through the
      merger of several existing companies that were facing closure.




      Today the BAe consists of the following:


      Principal Subsidiaries


      Arlington  Securities plc; BAeSEMA Ltd.  (50%); British
      Aerospace  Aerostructures Ltd.; British Aerospace  Airbus
      Ltd.;  British Aerospace (Aviation  Services)  Ltd.; British
      Aerospace  (Consultancy  Services) Ltd.; British Aerospace
      Finance Ltd.; British Aerospace Flight Training  (UK) Ltd.;
      British Aerospace (Insurance)  Ltd.;  British  Aerospace
      (International)  Ltd; British  Aerospace  (Operations) Ltd.;
      British  Aerospace Properties  Ltd.; British  Aerospace
      (Systems & Equipment) Ltd.; Lee Valley Developments Ltd.
      (50%);  Liverpool Airport plc (76%);  Orange  plc  (5%); Re-
      flectone  UK Ltd. (48%);  Royal Ordnance  plc;  Spectrum
      Technologies  Ltd.  (20%); British  Aerospace Australia
      (Holdings) Ltd.; British Aerospace  Australia Ltd.; British
      Aerospace Flight Training (Australia) Pty. Ltd.; British Aero-
      space (France) SAS; Airbus  Industrie (France;  20%);  Eu-
      romissile Dynamics Group (France; 33.3%); Matra BAe Dy-
      namics SAS (France; 50%); SEPECAT S.A. (France; 50%);
      British Aerospace Deutschland  GmbH  (Germany); Cityline
      Simulator und Training GmbH  (Germany;  50%);  Compe-
      tence  Center Informatik GmbH (Germany; 30%); Eu-
      rofighter Jagdflugzeug GmbH (Germany; 33%); Heckler and
      Koch GmbH (Germany); Panavia Aircraft GmbH (Germany;
      42.5%); BAeHal Software Ltd. (India; 40%); Muiden Chemie
      International BV (Netherlands);  Asia Pacific  Training  and
      Simulation Pte. Ltd. (Singapore; 63%); Singapore British En-
      gineering Pte.  Ltd. (51%);  Saab AB (Sweden;  35%); Saab-
      BAe Gripen AB (Sweden; 50%); Asia Pacific Space and Com-
      munications Inc. (U.S.A.; 17%); British Aerospace Holdings,
      Inc. (U.S.A.); Reflectone Inc. (U.S.A.; 48%).
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